Children and Family Essay (Social Work) Free Essay Example, 2000 words

Running Head: CHILDREN AND FAMILY CARE Within the summary section, it is inherent to acknowledge the fact that young people and parents experience various hitches in their relationship at a given household setting. According to O’Byrne and Milner (2009), interrelatedness between parents and children plays a significant role in a minor’s development into adulthood. Family units usually work as a system whereby various parties and social aspect interact with each other in order to provide a stable environment for child support. In some instances, parents may possess character traits that affect their role of discharging parenting responsibilities to their minors. O’Byrne and Milner (2009) says that as a social worker, analysis of practical situations leads to development of objective understanding on the nature of environments where children develop within any given family setting. In this context, the essay focus on the nature of nurture within a subject teenage daughter named Tara, within an unfavorable household setting with her mother Gina. The social work assessment in this context provided a detailed analysis of actual happenings within a dysfunctional family setting. We will write a custom essay sample on Children and Family Essay (Social Work) or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Tara features as the main subject through which one can get to appreciate importance of essential child needs during development period. The problem in subject started when Gina’s parents separated when 14 years after Gina’s birth. As a result, Gina started embracing negative habits within her society. In the process, she started experimenting on alcohol and other drugs. Consequently, poor self control attributed to intense drug abuse translated into negative sexual behaviors. At this juncture, a series of undesirable events manifested in Gina’s life including child birth at age of 19 years, confession of her unapproved sexuality, mental breakdown caused by excessive depression and finally getting her second child out of a one night stand. Gina is a heavy drinker who spends a substantial amount of money on alcohol and other drugs. In the long run, lack of responsibility as a parent presents difficulties to her daughter Tara as a young teenager needing family support and assurance of social stability. Relevant social care authorities have tried to engage their efforts into mitigating Gina’s problems as a mother. However, Gina remains introverted and could choose to keep her own problems as private matters. Based on the core assessment report, it is evident that Tara has various necessities as a child undergoing teenage growth.

Ragtime - 1747 Words

Up until the late 1900#8217;s, the American populace on the whole had assumed a very optimistic view of American history. Glossing over disgraceful events, emphasizing the brighter points in our history, our culture has attempted to ignore the obvious fact that we have had, and still have, our fair share of problems. In Ragtime, E.L. Doctorow unabashedly exposes some of the worst aspects of American life in our more recent history. Doctorow doesn#8217;t hold back anything, providing detailed examples of human cruelty and sacrifice, and the evolution of American society. While critiquing American society was not the sole purpose of his novel, Doctorow does expose and examine many issues that people tended to ignore like the†¦show more content†¦They drank. They raped their own daughters. They killed each other casually.#8221; (13) Father#8217;s unnerving brush with poverty leaves him stricken with hopelessness and a feeling of despair. Yet even then, the family had n ot witnessed the full truth of the lives of the impoverished immigrants. Doctorow then proceeds to describe in harsh, uncensored terms the reality of the situation. Doctorow#8217;s disgust with American society was exemplified through this harsh examination of the life of immigrants. Another issue that comes up in the novel as an issue that deserves addressing, is that of racism. America has always been a sort of beacon to the oppressed peoples of the world, and in serving that role has accepted immigrants from all across the globe. Many people have said that America is a nation of immigrants, since virtually all of her citizens have a lineage that did not originate here. Therefore, one would think that since America is composed of such a racially diverse population that racism would not be such a problem. The people would have recognized that they are all part of #8220;a crazy quilt of humanity!#8221; (16) as Jacob Riis referred to his color-coded map for the ethnic division s in Manhattan. But the truth is that racism still existed, indeed, it was much more of a prominent issue in this country. There was racism towards immigrants, towards blacks, towards the Irish, there was racism from the Irish to otherShow MoreRelatedRagtime by E.L. Doctorow1502 Words   |  6 Pagesspeed.† E.L. Doctorow’s novel Ragtime, which has been adapted into a stage production as well, stands as an example of precisely this sort of text. There is the question of the association of the cultural, historical, and fictional characteristics of Ragtime that critic Brian Roberts has called the â€Å"central metaphor† of the novel. When put together with the cohesive historical narrative within the novel, the discussion reveals the ways in which Doctorow uses Ragtime to perform a work that mirrorsRead MoreThe Ragtime And The Blues1184 Words   |  5 PagesBoth ragtime and the blues were essential and influential in their contributions to the development of ja zz. Together, they served as the primary predecessors to the later, more complicated genre. Key elements from each brand are incorporated and mixed to create jazz. Without the creative geniuses of ragtime such as Scott Jopin and James Reese Europe and Blues propagators W.C. Hady and Robert Johnson, the distinctive genre of jazz would not have emerged. Ragtime and blues are both unique in theirRead MoreRagtime American Dream1476 Words   |  6 PagesE.L. Doctorow’s novel Ragtime is a story involving certain characters, each trying to find his or her place in America. Doctorow focus’s on many themes throughout the novel, however, one theme that he gives to the reader from the very beginning of the novel is the American dream. Many characters throughout the novel individually take diverse journeys in order to fulfill what they might describe as â€Å"The American Dream.† Throughout Ragtime several characters venture upon momentous journeys whetherRead More J.P. Mo rgan and Ragtime Essay1244 Words   |  5 Pages John Pierpont Morgan: The turn of the century in American, when E.L. Doctorow’s novel Ragtime is set, was a time marked by rapid technological developments and industrialization. These years also brought a heavy flood of immigrants as well as an increasingly urban American landscape. Technological advancements enabled increased efficiency and mass production. However, Doctorow clearly brings into question the consequences of this new technology for the average American worker. J.P. Morgans discussionRead MoreThe Progressive Era of American History Illustrated in the Novel, Ragtime 1063 Words   |  5 PagesThe turn of the century in America introduced new inventions, new lifestyles, and new cultures. This time was called the â€Å"progressive era†. The cities were bustling and new amazements came every day. The storyline and the characters in the novel, Ragtime, represent the changes of this time period. From Emma Goldman, to mother, to Evelyn Nesbit, all people and their lives evolved in this period. Emma Goldman, an anarchist, fought for freedom in all aspects of life. Mother became the head of the familyRead MoreThe Entertainer Analysis Essay752 Words   |  4 PagesJazz compositions and was known as the â€Å"King of Ragtime. During his brief career, Joplin wrote 44 original ragtime pieces, one ragtime ballet, and two operas. One of his most well known and popular pieces today is The entertainer which has gone down as one of the all time classics of ragtime and indeed in Jazz. The entertainer was written in 1902 while Scott Joplin was in St Louis and was intended as a moderately paced dance tune. Although ragtime wasn’t particularly popular at the time the entertainerRead MoreIntertextuality In Ragtime1466 Words   |  6 Pagesreferences, It use can be implemented to reflect a period of history. This study aims to reveal and present the intertextual relations that Ragtime presents to America’s history during the early 20th century. The aim of this segment will be to show the use of intertextuality to reveal Doctorow’s intention in citing historical characters and events history within Ragtime, juxtaposing them with the fictitious world of the story. First and foremost, Ragtime’s intertextual material and connections are placedRead More Scott Joplin Essay1053 Words   |  5 Pages Scott Joplin (1868-1917) Scott Joplin, commonly known as the quot;King of Ragtimequot; music, was born on November 24, 1868, in Bowie County, Texas near Linden. Joplin came from a large musical family. His father, Giles Joplin was a musician who had fiddled dance music while serving as a slave at his masters parties. His mother, Florence Givens Joplin, born free and out of slavery, sang and played the banjo, and four of his brothers and sisters either sang or played strings. Joplins talentRead MoreAnalysis Of The Of Ragtime 1734 Words   |  7 PagesSocialism in America E3 Argumentative essay Sonia Rani 3/17/2017 Ragtime is an interesting depiction of cultural and political change. It can be argued that the story is not just a reflection of the events in the 20th Century but the novel reflects the events that continue to happen until today in socialism. For instance, the novel gives a glimpse of the kind of life experienced by many African Americans. They were victimized by the society and the persons in authority refuse to help them. EvenRead MoreWho is Scott Joplin?536 Words   |  2 PagesJoplin would teach students the piano, who would later end up being future ragtime composers, which included Scott Hayden. In 1899, Joplin married Belle the sister-in-law of Scott Hayden. Unconfirmed stories tell that he started his career in music in the 1880’s and traveled to St. Louis, which was becoming a major center of Ragtime. He would play in bars and dance halls, where new musical forms were begin to for the basis of ragtime. Joplin played was the lead cornet in a band in Chicago in 1893 during

Information Governance

Question: Discuss about theInformation Governance. Answer: Introduction: Due to changes occurring in technical environment and globalisation of business environment, almost every organisation needs to focus on the management of information through use of highly advanced DBMS and information processing software. The governance of information is important for the firms to manage the information and data base of an organization in a way that comply with future regulatory, legal, risk, environmental and operational requirements (Guetat and Dakhli, 2015). In this concern, the report critically discusses two journal articles related to the information governance. One of the articles is Guetat and Dakhli (2015) and the second article is Wu, Straub and Liang (2015). Analysis Guetat and Dakhli (2015) provide that many researchers use information governance and data governance interchangeably. The companies need effective information governance system to achieve competitive advantages in the market. Guetat and Dakhli (2015) define the information governance as the set of rights and responsibilities of an organization that are related to the management of data as the assets of the firm. But, on the other hand, Wu, Straub and Liang (2015) describe that information governance plays an important role in business success, because it effectively impacts on the value generated by the investment in IT. Information governance helps the companies to provide required information and data related to the particular situation in quick time. Further, Guetat and Dakhli (2015) provide that information governance provides accountability framework, which helps the firms for setting basic principles, rules, management structure, and management methods for accessing the required information. At the same time, it is also analysed that firms have to set and follow effective information governance for meeting legal, ethical, economic and political requirements provided by the government of country, in which they operate (Baesens et al., 2014). Companies need to establish better and effective information governance system that can spread the information throughout the organisation. Similarly, Wu, Straub and Liang (2015) describe that information governance is a critical element for success of todays organisations, as it supports them to enhance their performance and achieve competitive advantages. Through use of effective information governance, firms can develop their IT strategies, which help the firms to make the effective relationship between IS strategy and business goals. But, at the same time, Wu, Straub and Liang (2015) also exhibit that IT governance impacts on the IS strategic alignment. The researchers used Resource-Based View (RBV) to define this impact. Due to the control of the board of IT governance, executive and IT managers are enabled to implement the IT strategies in better ways to provide benefits to the entire organisation. Guetat and Dakhli (2015) confirm Wu, Straub and Liang (2015) findings by pointing out that information governance has wider scope in the organisations in terms of making the business and market strategies and managing these strategies in different business departments. But, at the same time, Guetat and Dakhli (2015) describe that information governance is not independent of corporate governance. Through the combination of corporate governance and IT governance, IT department effectively manages the information. In the other words, it is analysed that information governance is a part of the corporate governance, which allows the IT department to manage the information assets significantly. Wu, Straub and Liang (2015) focus on the IT governance mechanisms in order to enhance the effectiveness of IT governance. In this, the researchers described that it is essential for the IT department to communicate IT policies throughout the firm. For this, the use of communication approach can be effective for the IT and business executives to communicate and make sure that their roles and responsibilities are clearly understood by everyone. At the same time, Wu, Straub and Liang (2015) exhibit a formal process of IS strategic planning, which consists of the three steps. In the first step, CIO needs to understand the business needs then, CIO and TMT need to reach common goals and objectives through better organisational planning and after that needs to facilitate the better alignment of IS strategy with the business strategy (Hermalin and Weisbach, 2012). This process helps the firm to develop and implement better IS strategies to provide better growth to the firm. From the study of Guetat and Dakhli (2015), it is analysed that urbanised information system governance plays an important role in the information governance planning for improving the content of IS planning. They believed that an organisations information assets are divided into many information areas such as business administration, product administration, business intelligence, shared information, party management, and inbound/outbound flows management (De Haes et al., 2013). These areas help the IT department to collect the information and develop an effective IS planning process to provide benefits to the firm. From the research articles, it is also analysed that there are various drivers for promoting the IS strategies in an organization such as IT governance structure, process and communication. These drivers help the firm and IT department to make an effective IS strategic alignment. These drives also help in establishing better communication linkage between corporate-level management and IT executives to share information and to develop the effective IS planning to achieve competitive advantages in the market. In similar way, Guetat and Dakhli (2015) facilitated an information architecture model to access, manage, security and integrity of information across the organisation. This model has three layers for information access and management such as access and usage layer, a content layer, and infrastructure layer. This model helps the firms to design the information contents and communicate them to different stakeholders to maintain the integrity of different decisions in the organisati on. The information architecture model presented by Guetat and Dakhli (2015) is as follow: Figure 1: Information Architecture Model (Source: Guetat and Dakhli, 2015) It is analysed that the above listed eleven architectural dimensions help the firms to gather, access and govern the information with the support of standards and rules, which are set by the information system architecture blueprints and guidelines. In the similar way, Wu, Straub and Liang (2015) exhibit the process of constructing the IT governance mechanism by focusing on the three main elements such as structure, process and communication approach. These three elements help the firms to develop the effective IT governance practices through integrating the business and IT goals significantly. Conclusion From the above discussion, it can be concluded that information governance is one of the critical elements for success of an organisations, but it needs much consideration of organizational policies, infrastructure and mechanisms. Information governance and IT governance are two different terms but, information governance needs effective IT system to gather the information and communicate this information to the related departments (Reuer et al., 2013). IT governance is effective in enhancing organisational values and achieving guidance on the strategic alignment of IT governance to improve the organisational performance. It can also be concluded that the IT governance structure, process and communication are key drivers that promote the effective and strategic IS alignment by establishing linkage between top management, executives and corporate-level business. Due to this, effective strategic information system is required throughout the organisation for efficient governance of business information. References Baesens, B., Bapna, R., Marsden, J.R., Vanthienen, J. and Zhao, J.L. (2014) Transformational issues of big data and analytics in networked business. MIS quarterly, 38(2), pp. 629-631. De Haes, S., Van Grembergen, W. and Debreceny, R.S. (2013) COBIT 5 and enterprise governance of information technology: Building blocks and research opportunities. Journal of Information Systems, 27(1), pp. 307-324. Guetat, S. B. A. and Dakhli, S. B. D. (2015) The Architecture Facet of Information Governance: The Case of Urbanized Information Systems. Procedia Computer Science, 64, pp. 1088-1098. Hermalin, B.E. and Weisbach, M.S. (2012) Information disclosure and corporate governance. The Journal of Finance, 67(1), pp. 195-233. Reuer, J.J., Tong, T.W., Tyler, B.B. and Ario, A. (2013) Executive preferences for governance modes and exchange partners: An information economics perspective. Strategic Management Journal, 34(9), pp. 1104-1122. Wu, S. P., Straub, D. W. and Liang, T. P. (2015) How Information Technology Governance Mechanisms and Strategic Alignment Influence Organizational Performance: Insights From a Matched Survey of Business and IT Managers. MIS Quarterly, 39 (2), pp. 497-518.

What Makes Daca Recipients Example For Students

What Makes Daca Recipients? What makes DACA recipients deserve to stay in the country permanently? In the section I, the reasons to get US citizenship were numbered and basically what the laws of the new country evaluated was the length of the permanency in the country and the type of relationship the newcomers had with the country. It basically encircles two approaches: affiliation and territorial personhood or jurisdiction. In section II, the eligibility and the early achievements of DACA are provided as a proof of positive change with responsibility that are allowing these young people to be part of American society by participating actively in the market. In section III, we get back to the two main approaches that US government has been using to determining if a foreigner has strong ties to the country. To this end, theoretical and legal approaches on affiliation and jurisdiction will be developed accordingly. A. Connections to Country: Affiliate-based approach We will write a custom essay on What Makes Daca Recipients? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The definition of affiliation may be very broad in its context. In its legal definition, affiliation is linked to association and connection . The meaning that really interests us in order to know what really connects people to each other is found in the theory of mind. Seyfarth and Cheney stated that â€Å"empathy and affiliation help individuals to form and maintain social bonds, and these bonds promote fitness. . On other words, â€Å"a variety of evidence suggests that reflexive empathy and imitation in†¦humans†¦have evolved because they promote affiliation and social bonding.† This definition can answer the questions of why some newcomers develop quickly strong bonding with a new country based on empathy and affiliation. Hiroshi Motomura has described â€Å"immigration as affiliation† as â€Å"the view that the treatment of lawful immigrants and other noncitizens should depend on the ties that they have formed in this country.† The affiliation-based approach, as Motomura explained, â€Å"reflects two strong intuitions, which combine to explain why immigration as affiliation has persuasive power. One of these intuitions is that coming to America is not a stark moment of choice on the immigrant’s part or a sudden acceptance on her new country’s part. Instead, it is a gradual decline in a newcomer’s attachment to her former country as part of an incremental process in which her life’s center of gravity shifts to the United States. Immigration as affiliation recognizes this change in an immigrant’s life.† The second intuition also â€Å"reflects†¦that in this world of nation-states, it is an essential part of personal identity to belong to one of them, and that belonging is principally a matter of social connections.† Joseph Carens’s arguments on unauthorized immigrants to get for amnesty stated: â€Å"there is something deeply wrong in forcing people to leave a place where they lived for a long time. Most people form their deepest human connections where they live-it becomes their home†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ â€Å"People who lived and work and raise their families in a society become members, whatever their legal status. That is why we find it hard to expel them when they are discovered.† This argument emphasizes affiliation people have with the place they raise and live for a long time. Is there here a right for them to stay permanently in that territory? David Miller, a prominent philosophy scholar, in his book â€Å"On Nationality† emphasizes the importance of ties (affiliation) to the nation that are worthy to quote here. He stated that communities are bound together by â€Å"natural sentiments† which develops a national identity on individuals; this distinctive about national identity is what Milles defines as requirement to national character: â€Å"it requires that the people who share it have something in common, a set of characteristics that in the past was often referred to as ‘national character’, but which I prefer to describe as a common public culture.† This definition may anyone think about why two people from the same country if they meet abroad connected quickly even if they never knew each other or went to the other’s hometown. Klingsberg stated that an excludable alien has â€Å"little to lose in the admissions process because they have yet to established meaningful ties to this country. In words of Klingsberg, an excludable alien refers to any alien participating in an immigration process and not yet legally considered to have entered the country.† And an alien that has entered the country refers to any alien that has been admitted lawfully under INA or has physically come into the country unlawfully by evading the admission process. In other words, the odds for any alien who does not have meaningful ties to the country are lower than any alien who already entered the country either lawfully or unlawfully due to the meaningful ties that the latter has developed during his stay in the country. None alien from the first group may invoke affiliation-based approach because there is not any existing tie wherein support his claims. .u7e97e5f648a8905b452cf89a9c950958 , .u7e97e5f648a8905b452cf89a9c950958 .postImageUrl , .u7e97e5f648a8905b452cf89a9c950958 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7e97e5f648a8905b452cf89a9c950958 , .u7e97e5f648a8905b452cf89a9c950958:hover , .u7e97e5f648a8905b452cf89a9c950958:visited , .u7e97e5f648a8905b452cf89a9c950958:active { border:0!important; } .u7e97e5f648a8905b452cf89a9c950958 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7e97e5f648a8905b452cf89a9c950958 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7e97e5f648a8905b452cf89a9c950958:active , .u7e97e5f648a8905b452cf89a9c950958:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7e97e5f648a8905b452cf89a9c950958 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7e97e5f648a8905b452cf89a9c950958 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7e97e5f648a8905b452cf89a9c950958 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7e97e5f648a8905b452cf89a9c950958 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7e97e5f648a8905b452cf89a9c950958:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7e97e5f648a8905b452cf89a9c950958 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7e97e5f648a8905b452cf89a9c950958 .u7e97e5f648a8905b452cf89a9c950958-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7e97e5f648a8905b452cf89a9c950958:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Should Undocumented Immigrants Be Legal?This is as part of Entry doctrine developed in his article. He stated that â€Å"in developing the range of substantive rights protected by the due process clause, courts have constantly held that there is no inherent right to enter the United States. This ‘entry doctrine’ has serious consequences for excludable aliens.† What does the Court state in regard to this approach? Under United Stated Ex Rel Knauff v. Shaughnessy , the petitioner was a war bride that sought review of a decision of the Second Circuit which upheld Attorney General that her entry into the country would be prejudicial to the security and safe of the country. The petitioner was a German national that got married an American soldier after the end of the WWII. She had worked for the U.S. War department in Germany and her behavior was rated very well. The Court stated that â€Å"an alien who seeks admission to this country may not do so under any claim or right.† Under Entry doctrine, Shaughnessy had little to lose in the admissions process due to her little ties to country. Even when she was married an American soldier, Attorney General considered her ties was not enough for her entry and naturalization. The Court went beyond and stated that â€Å"aside from the enumerated relaxations of the immigration laws she must be treated as any other alien seeking for admission.† Under Landon v. Plasencia , the Court stated that initial admission to the United States does not render constitutional rights to the alien for the power to admit and exclude them; however, â€Å"once an alien gains admission to our country and begins to develop the ties that go with permanent residence his constitutional status changes accordingly.† There is no doubt that alien within US territory has more constitutional rights literally speaking than alien seeking admission into the country. B. â€Å"within juridisdiciton†: Equal Protection to Aliens Regardless of Their Current Statues People wonder if an alien by not being a US citizen has any right under the US constitution and if they should claim for those rights like any American citizen. The fourteenth Amendment states that â€Å"†¦nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.† Both Constitutional doctrine and US Supreme Court rulings have stated that aliens are protected regardless of their immigration status by the US Constitution like any other US citizen. What is jurisdiction? It is the question that emerges straight away. The meaning of jurisdiction is broad and many times national and international doctrines are interwoven to each other to define the meaning. Under the Restatement (Third) of the Foreign Relations Law of the United States, jurisdiction is divided into three categories: jurisdiction to prescribe, which means the ability of a country to make its law applicable to persons, conduct, relations, or interests; jurisdiction to adjudicate, which means country’s ability to subject persons or things to the process of its courts or administrative tribunals; jurisdiction to enforce, which means the ability of a country to induce or compel compliance or to punish noncompliance with its laws and regulations. Does any alien regardless of their immigration status fit in all or any of those descriptions? Yes, they do. Olivas, in his article regarding Plyler, stated that the protection to unlawful immigrants is subject to the Equal Protection clause since immigrant was within the jurisdiction of the fourteenth amendment: â€Å"equal protection applied to the undocumented in such an instance.† †¦ â€Å"The Supreme Court had long held that aliens are persons for purposes of the Fourteenth Amendment, and that undocumented aliens are protected by the due process provision of the Fifth Amendment.† .u622c746c226d1853a2bd7c0fa60e48b0 , .u622c746c226d1853a2bd7c0fa60e48b0 .postImageUrl , .u622c746c226d1853a2bd7c0fa60e48b0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u622c746c226d1853a2bd7c0fa60e48b0 , .u622c746c226d1853a2bd7c0fa60e48b0:hover , .u622c746c226d1853a2bd7c0fa60e48b0:visited , .u622c746c226d1853a2bd7c0fa60e48b0:active { border:0!important; } .u622c746c226d1853a2bd7c0fa60e48b0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u622c746c226d1853a2bd7c0fa60e48b0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u622c746c226d1853a2bd7c0fa60e48b0:active , .u622c746c226d1853a2bd7c0fa60e48b0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u622c746c226d1853a2bd7c0fa60e48b0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u622c746c226d1853a2bd7c0fa60e48b0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u622c746c226d1853a2bd7c0fa60e48b0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u622c746c226d1853a2bd7c0fa60e48b0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u622c746c226d1853a2bd7c0fa60e48b0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u622c746c226d1853a2bd7c0fa60e48b0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u622c746c226d1853a2bd7c0fa60e48b0 .u622c746c226d1853a2bd7c0fa60e48b0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u622c746c226d1853a2bd7c0fa60e48b0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Illegal Immigrants Have Migrated Into Theu.s For Many YearsA question arises in the direction on why a state should guarantee constitutional rights to aliens and even more to undocumented aliens. Carens answers this citing Nozick that â€Å"the states has no rights to do anything other than enforce the rights which individuals already enjoy in the state of nature. Citizenship gives rise to no distinctive claim. The state is obliged to protect the rights of citizens and noncitizens equally because it enjoys a de facto monopoly over the enforcement of rights within its territory.† Wyatt stated that â€Å"due process is the simple notion that the Constitution requires governmental procedures to be fundamentally fair before a person may be deprived of liberty or property.† Massaro and Sullivan stated that â€Å"when an alien has entered the United States, even though illegal means, he may be expelled only after proceedings conforming to traditional standards of fairness encompassed in due process of law.† The Court stated that in Plyler that â€Å"use of the phrase ‘within its jurisdiction’ confirms the understanding that the fourteenth amendment’s protection extends to anyone, citizen or stranger who is subject to the laws of the state, and reaches into every corner of a state’s territory.† Under Yick Wo v. Hopkins , the plaintiff who was a Chinese national who resided in San Francisco, California since 1861 challenged a local regulation which sought to prohibit laundry businesses in the specific way that Chinese residents usually were involved in. The local norm was considered by the Court unlawfully and discriminatory. The Court stated that such local ordinance violated Yick’s constitutional rights under the Fourteenth Amendment denying him his rights under the Equal Protection clause. The Court stated: â€Å"The fourteenth amendment to the constitution is not confined to the protection of citizens. It says: ‘Nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.’ These provisions are universal in their application, to all persons within the territorial jurisdiction, without regard to any differences of race, of color, or of nationality; and the equal protection of the laws is a pledge of the protection of equal laws.† (Italics added). Under Wing, the Court stated that â€Å"These provisious are universal in their application to all persons within the territorial jurisdiction, without regard to any differences of race, of color, or nationality; and the equal protection of the laws is a pledge of the protection of equal laws. Applying this reasoning to the fifth and sixth amendments, it must be concluded that all persons within the territory of the United States are entitled to the protection guaranteed by those amendments, and that even aliens shall not be held to answer for a capital or other infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law.† Conclusion DACA recipients have been in the country since their first years of life. Many of them do not have any lively memory of their lives in their parents’ country. Many of them would be totally lost in a foreign and strange country if they would be deported from the United States. Affiliated-based and jurisdictional approaches are a proof that they have strong ties to this country and they should be treated as any other regular American citizen in a immigration trial. It is important to define a political agenda for those young people, and give them legal status.

Francisco de Goya Biography free essay sample

Biography: Francisco Jose de Goya was born in Fuendetodos, Saragossa on March 30th in 1746 to Joseph and Gracia Goya-Lucientes. Goya attended Escuelas Pias, a school where he developed a close friendship with Martin Zapatar whom he promised he’d never forget. After graduating from Escuelas Pias, Francisco entered the studio of Jose Lujan, who was an Academic Painter. Goya learned a tremendous amount from Jose; he learned the elementary steps of painting among other valuable things. Goya was a talented man. He played the guitar and was a bull fighter, where he participated in local bull fighting. After several years, Goya moved to Madrid where he studied with Mengs, a popular painter of the Royal Court. However Francisco and Mengs clashed in terms of personality and art approach therefore Goya left Mengs’ studio and went to study with another painter. Soon after that, Goya moved to Rome where he entered the studio of Francisco Bayeu. We will write a custom essay sample on Francisco de Goya Biography or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There, he learned the art of colour. During Goya’s travels in Italy, Goya was awarded the second prize in a painting competition organized by the city of Parma in January 1771. He continued to be the pupil of Bayeu while his paintings were already becoming popular. In 1774 Goya married Bayeu’s sister, Josefa, or Pepa, as Goya affectionately called her. Goya’s marriage to Pepa introduced him to the Royal Tapestry Workshop where in five years he designed forty-two patterns for tapestry. He also painted a canvas for the Alter of the Church of San Francisco, El Grande and was appointed a member of the Academy of San Fernando. In 1783 Goya succeeded in being appointed to paint a portrait of King Carlos II and by doing so he became fairly close with the Crown Prince Don Luis and went to live in his house. In 1792 Goya became deaf from an illness. His feelings and emotions became filled with darkness and ghostly thoughts. His character became more withdrawn and introspective while he devoted himself only to his paintings. Despite his disability, in 1799 Goya was appointed ‘Royal Painter’ and worked by Royal Order to paint the King, Queen and Royal family pictures as ell as portraits ‘Princess de la Paz’ and many other nobles. This made Goya very popular amongst other Royalty. In 1814 Goya isolated himself from everything and bought a house on the outskirts of Manzanares, which became known as the ‘House of the Deaf’. There, he drifted himself from others and painted the famous Black Pictures, a series of dark paintings. Some of the paintings which are known are The Witc hes Sabbath, The Reading, The Fates and Saturn Devouring His Son. In 1824 Goya left Spain only to return two years later after suffering from another illness. His son Francisco Javier met him and took care of his father. However, despite his son’s hospitality and kindness Goya decided to return to Bordeaux, where he resided before his illness. Goya carried out his life alone, locked in a closed room. One day he received a message from his son, Javier announcing a visit. This news was very emotionally overwhelming for Goya. Due to his frail condition, the news caused him to breakdown and it unfortunately resulted in his death. Francisco Jose de Goya passed away on April 16th 1826 but his genius work still remains to inspire us. Physical Description of Saturn Devouring His Son The painting Saturn Devouring his Son is an image of the Roman g-d Saturn, eating one of his children. The painting portrays Saturn as an insane figure with his eyes bulging out of his head and fingers pressed tightly on the back of his child, whom he is devouring and whose head has already been eaten and blood spilling out of the open flesh. The background is black which makes the light coloured limbs of Saturn and his Son to stand out, as well as the madness in Saturn’s eyes. Goya used oil paints and perhaps real blood for an additional affect. The painting portrays an intense haunting theme and I believe it reflects Goya’s thoughts and emotions before he died. The piece Saturn Devouring His Son is a painting of a Roman g-d fearing a prophecy that one of his children would one day overthrow him which led him to devour all of his children. The expression theory by Tolstoy â€Å"holds that art communicates something in the realm of feelings and emotions† (Tolstoy 155). This piece proves Tolstoy’s theory as Goya painted the painting a few years before his lonely death after he isolated himself from the world. The painting transmits negative, sad feelings upon looking at it, just as Goya felt while creating it. â€Å"Art conveys knowledge of how to perceive the world around us†¦the medium of expression in art is neither objective nor subjective. It is the matter of a new experience in which subjective and objective† (Freeland 167) are intertwined. From this we understand that Freeland is explaining that ones art is influenced not by ones subjective view or by an objective view, but that art is both coming together into one piece if expression with both subjective and objective influencing it. Saturn Devouring His Son conveys knowledge on how Goya perceived the world at the time he painted the piece, as well as how society may have been in the 17th century. MLA Citation Ediciones . Minos, A Goya Biograophy, 1961http://www. eeweems. com/goya/1961_prado_bio. html The Answers Family, Francisco Goyahttp://www. anwers. com/topic/franciscogoya. html

Financial report on luton brickworks Plc. The WritePass Journal

Financial report on luton brickworks Plc. Introduction Financial report on luton brickworks Plc. IntroductionWhat is Dividend?Types of Dividends:CASH DIVIDEND:STOCK DIVIDEND:STOCK SPLITS DIVIDEND:SHAREHOLDERS WEALTH MAXIMIZATION:ARGUMENTSDIRECTOR A:Formula for Walter’s model:Arguments in favour of statement:Arguments against the statement:DIRECTOR BAssumptions of MM modelArguments in favour of statement: (MR.B)Arguments against the statement: (MR.B)DIRECTOR CArguments in favour of the statementArgument against the StatementFACTORS DETERMINE DIVIDEND PAYMENT:FACTORS AFFECTING DIVIDEND POLICY:NATURE OF BUSINESS:COMPOSITION OF SHAREHOLDING:RESTRICTIONS BY CONCERNED BODIES:INFLATION:FIRM ORIENTED CONSIDERATION:LIQUIDITY:OWNERSHIP CONSIDERATIONS:CONCLUSION/RECOMMENDATIONSREFERENCESRelated Introduction Luton Brickworks plc is newly formed company which aims to maximise the wealth of its shareholders. The board of directors of the company is currently trying to decide on the most appropriate dividend policy to adopt for the company’s shareholders. However, there is a strong disagreement between three of the directors concerning the benefits of declaring cash dividends. Director A argues that cash dividends would be welcome by investors and that a high dividend payout ratio as possible would reflect positively on the market value of the shares. Director B argues that whether a cash dividend is paid or not is irrelevant in the context of shareholder maximisation. Director C takes an opposite view and argues that dividend payments should be avoided, as they would lead to a decrease in shareholder wealth. Required: Present the theory of organisational dividend policies and integrate the assignment into your discussion. a) Discuss the arguments for and against the position taken by each of the three directors b) Assuming the board of directors decides to pay a dividend to Shareholders what factors should be taken into account when determining the level of dividend payment. What is Dividend? The term dividend refers to the part of divisible profits among its shareholders. In other words, dividend is that portion of company’s profit which is distributed among its shareholders as a percentage of par values of share at a fixed rate per share according to the decision of its board of directors. The main purpose of any business is to create profits for its owners. When any company earns profit from its business, they can reinvest that money in their business, but some companies pay profits to its share holders. However when a company decides to pay dividend to shareholders, the cash available for business will reduce. Dividend inukare paid on a semi annual basis, net of deduction of tax at the standard personal income tax rate, these are called interim dividends. These interim dividends tend to be smaller than final dividends due to cash flow, taxation financial planning considerations (Sangray, 2010). Types of Dividends: 1)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Cash Dividend 2)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Stock Dividend 3)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Stock Splits Dividend CASH DIVIDEND: Cash dividend plays a dominant role in sharing company’s profit; shareholders are being paid in part of company’s profit. However in US they double the taxation of cash dividend at a maximum rate of 15% and dividends are distributed to shareholders only after company pays income tax. STOCK DIVIDEND: Stock dividend is paid to shareholders only if the companies not having healthy cash position, by combining the profits of both current previous year. Such shares are also called as ‘bonus shares’ instead of paying dividend as cash. There is no great change in equity of shareholders, as stock dividend is paid until actual stock sold in order to avoid paying taxes. In general share holders have more scope to receive additional shares from the company, where it depends on the amount already owned by shareholders. STOCK SPLITS DIVIDEND: Stock split dividend is performed in a company, if there is increase in share price, obviously investors shares become too expensive to buy. Whereas liabilities, assets, equity remains same. InUKstock split is referred as â€Å"scrip issue†, â€Å"bonus issue†, â€Å"capitalization† or â€Å"free issue†. This stock split dividend resembles stock dividend. Source: investopedia.com/terms/s/stocksplit.asp SHAREHOLDERS WEALTH MAXIMIZATION: Shareholders profit maximization consolidates the volume of risk time. The goal of SWM states that the present value of the expected future cash flow of the firm should be maximized to shareholders. ARGUMENTS DIRECTOR A: He argues that cash dividends would be welcome by investors that a high dividend payout ratio as possible would reflect positively on the market value of the shares. This argument deals with RELEVANCE THEORY, where the supporting model for this argument is WALTER’S MODEL James E. Walter (1999):   dividends are relevant. The investment policy of a company dividend policy both are inter-related as they cannot be separated by their own. The value of an enterprise will be affected by dividend policy. Formula for Walter’s model: P= D/Ke-g Where P= PRICE OF EQUITY SHARES D= INITIAL DIVIDEND Ke= COST OF EQUITY CAPITAL G= GROWTH RATE EXPECTED ANOTHER MODEL WHICH SUPPORTS THIS ARGUMENT IS GORDON LINTNER MODEL Dividend relevance, as argued by â€Å"Linter and Gordon†, suggested that investors preferred dividends to capital gains due to their certainty w  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Gordon model can be used to find the theoretical value of a share by summing the shares discounted future dividend payments to infinity: P0   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     = Do (1+g)/(y-g) Where: P0 =  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   current ex-dividend market price of the share r  Ã‚   =  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   shareholders required rate of return g  Ã‚   =  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   expected future growth rate of dividends D0 =  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   declared dividend at time t0 Dividend relevance was further supported by the argument that dividends were seen by investors as signals of a company’s future profitability. Arguments in favour of statement: 1)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The company should pay dividend to shareholders if they have sufficient liquidity to satisfy their requirements. 2)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The dividend acts as a signal to investors about the profits of the company is higher or not. 3)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The company’s market value confidence in society increase only if the dividends are paid to investors. 4)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   If company pays regular cash payments to customers the firm will be recognised in the market to get financial support from other institutions with reasonable interest rates. Arguments against the statement: 1)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   If the company pays dividend to investors in initial stage, it may lead to failure in important opportunities. 2)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The share value of the company decreases if the company pays more dividends to shareholders. This leads to negative impact in the market. 3)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   According to nature of the business the company may suffer loss, as dividend may adversely affect the company. 4)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     The regular payout of dividends will also be taxed on regular intervals, as they are corporation profits. If this profits are transferred to reserves,(capital gains) in long run, the total impact of tax would be less than the tax paid on regular dividend payments. DIRECTOR B Argues that whether a cash dividend is paid or not is irrelevant in the context of shareholders maximisation. This argument deals with IRRELEVANCE THEORY, the supporting models for this theory could be MILLER MODIGLIANI MODEL According to â€Å"Miller and Modigliani† (2010 Sudesh Sangray) the dividend payments were irrelevant should only be offered as a residual the value of a firm is unaffected by the distribution of dividends and is determined solely by the earning power and risk of its assets. The dividend policy may have no influence on the market price of the shares. Assumptions of MM model Surveillance of perfect capital markets and investors in it are rational. Securities are infinitely divisible, as there is no transactions cost, investor cannot influence the market price of securities and there are no floatation costs.   There are no differences in tax rates which are applicable to capital gains and dividends. The investment policy of a firm does not change.   It implies the financial status of the company which gives an opportunity to invest in new projects. As retain earnings will not change the business risk of the firm.   Arguments in favour of statement: (MR.B) 1)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Investors will not get affected if dividend is paid but investment policy will have impact on shareholders wealth maximization. 2)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The investors are less concern about dividend payment as they always want to maximise their wealth. 3)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The home made dividend pays to shareholders who expect regular income selling particular shares instead of anticipating dividend. 4)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   If a company tries to get income from external source, by supplying sufficient funds, then retain earnings come completely irrelevant. Where shareholders wealth can be maximised by getting income from external source. Arguments against the statement: (MR.B) The perfect capital market is unrealistic. Practically, there are taxes, floatation costs and transaction costs. Paying present cash dividend is far better than capital gains, where whose appearance is definite more accepted by the shareholders. If a company paying dividend from external source of income is not a good idea, as it leads to increase in interest rate gearing ratio, which will effect shareholders wealth. DIRECTOR C This argument deals with which is similar to relevance theory, there is no specific model that supports this argument, but Argument for and against that Dividend payment should be avoided since it reduces Shareholders Wealth Arguments in favour of the statement Net income of the share holders decreases, as they pay taxes on dividend received. This result to decrease of wealth. The profitable opportunities for firm reduce, when there is regular payment of dividend to shareholders. So, the firm should try to avoid the dividend payment to its shareholders and try to concentrate on its investment opportunities. Argument against the Statement As mentioned by â€Å"Watson Head† (2004) in the article â€Å"DIVIDEND POLICY† cash dividend plays an important role to provide reliable information to the investors. That financial condition of company is strong. The uncertainty of shareholders income reduces when payment of cash dividend is high. The management tries to reduce conflict ensure their personal benefits are mention, as there is a scope of agency problems because of owner’s interest. There is decrease in interest rates when dividend payment is high which indicates the shareholders wellbeing is doing well by management are not. FACTORS DETERMINE DIVIDEND PAYMENT: The decision of dividend is difficult because of conflicting objectives lack of decision making techniques, maximizing shareholders wealth is not easy in the long run. FACTORS AFFECTING DIVIDEND POLICY: NATURE OF BUSINESS: Mostly dividend policy is adopted by companies which earn unstable profits; where it is different from company earn stable profits. COMPOSITION OF SHAREHOLDING: If the company have cumulative preference shares, they have to be paid the present year dividend in the next year along with next year dividend and if it has equity share they need not be paid even the company has profits. Example: Microsoft etc. RESTRICTIONS BY CONCERNED BODIES: In long-term some financial companies restrict the company on paying dividend to shareholders, they pronounced a clause that no payment to be made till the loan amount is repaid back to financial institutions. INFLATION: During inflation it is not much important to pay dividend. As there is no chance of replacing the equipment as funds are generated from depreciation. FIRM ORIENTED CONSIDERATION: The dividend policy is not determined by ownership interest rates. As firm’s needs are considered as important, this includes the following. Business cycles Risk of losing control on organization Post dividend policies and stockholders relationships. Relative cost of external funds Contractual legal restrictions Availability of external capital LIQUIDITY: As explained in Investopedia Dictionary. â€Å"The degree to which an asset or  security  can be bought or sold in the market without affecting the assets price.  Liquidity  is characterized by a high level of trading activity†. To increase the sales profits earned by company should reinvest in fixed assets working capital. There are some companies which cannot generate sufficient cash even if they get profitable income. OWNERSHIP CONSIDERATIONS: The identification of owner’s interest becomes difficult if it is decentralized on wide spectrum. As every shareholder have their own objectives different opinions. Investor companies are which combines the mix of both growth desired dividends. CONCLUSION/RECOMMENDATIONS Concluding that, this report explains the financial status of the company and their decision regarding shareholders wealth maximization. 1)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Dividend is paid to shareholders dividend policy is taken to distribute dividend to shareholders. 2)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There are 3 types of dividends cash, stock, stock splits dividend, which plays a key role in paying dividends. 3)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Paying dividend to shareholders is an added advantage, which increase the company’s reputation in the market. 4)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There is a possible adverse effect to the company depending on the nature of the business. 5)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As investors always look forward to maximise their wealth. 6)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     It is not a good idea to pay dividend to shareholders now, as investors may think that the company is not having any future projects to enhance their business. 7)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Recommending that the company should wait for some time to gain good reputation in market and investors as well to get more profits, which help to increase in market share, and overall profits of the company. 8)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Concluding that as Luton Bricks Plc is new to company in market, there will have less scope for earning profits. REFERENCES DR.R.SRINIVASAN. (2009).  Important theories of dividend policy an appraisal.  Available: articlesbase.com/finance-articles/important-theories-of-dividend-policyan-appraisal-1353119.html. Last accessed 2nd Aug 2010. Linter. John. (1956). Distribution of income corporation among.  The American Economic. 46 (2), 2-15. American psychological association. Www.dictionary.com. dividend, Collins English dictionary, 10th edition. May 22, 2011. Pike Richard. (1996). Decisions and Strategies. In: Richard Pike and Bill Neale  Corporate finance and investment. 2nd Ed.New York: Prentice Hall,. 196-216. Watson, Denzil. And Head Antony(2007).  Corporate finance: principles and practices. 4th ed.Harlow: ft/prentice hall. pg.no:286. Sangray, S. (2011) Week-10. Advanced Corporate Finance, Dividend Policy. (Online). Available at www.breo.beds.ac.uk.(accessed on December 10, 2010). Gitman, L., J. (2009) the principles of managerial finance. 12th ed.London: Pearson Prentice Hall. Agrawalsumeets. (2010).  Theories-of-Dividend-Policy.  Available: scribd.com/doc/28162428/Theories-of-Dividend-Policy. Last accessed 27 July 2011. Dictionary. (2007).  Dividend.  Available: investopedia.com/terms/d/dividend.asp. Last accessed 02 august 2011.

Week 5 Discussion and Participation Questions Essay - 1

Week 5 Discussion and Participation Questions - Essay Example The fast food industry is an example of an industry that is facing a red ocean. There are over 160,000 fast food restaurants in the United States serving over 50 million people daily in an industry generates approximately $165 billion in revenues each year (Numberof, 2011). The red ocean characteristics of the industry mean that the industry is every saturated. A way to create a blue ocean within this industry is by formulating a niche strategy. A good niche strategy would be to form a pizza fast food chain that specializes in Neapolitan pizza. Neapolitan pizza is an Italian pizza style that cooks pizza at high temperature which enables the pizza to be ready in three minutes. I see how your specialized talents could help a person in a niche within a marketplace. I have a family member that recently graduated from psychiatric school. She has on offer on the table to work in Laredo Texas. She is trilingual. She speaks fluent English, Spanish, and French. In Laredo Texas there is a high population of Latino people especially a lot of Mexicans because Laredo is located near the border of Mexico. Looking back at history Texas used to be a part of Mexico. My cousin has a great chance in the future to create her own niche psychiatric practice based on the fact that she speaks three languages. I respect the fact that you might not be interested in pursuing a niche strategy for yourself as far as not wanting to start your own business, but as a future MBA graduate it is in your best interest to study and learn how niche markets work. As a future manager you might be faced with a scenario in which you might have to perform a product launch for the company you are going to work in the future based on a product positioned in a niche market. In the educational field you might be able in the future to formulate a niche market strategy. For instance you could start a business that provides